
The term nkisi refers to spirit-invested objects that were empowered with medicinal and magical ingredients called bilongo. In the case of this male figure, the bilongo are enclosed in the cap on the head and in the mirror-sealed resin packet on the abdomen. The name nkondi refers to the figure’s ability to hunt down and punish wrongdoers. A nail or a blade was driven into the figure to prompt the inhabiting spirit at every consultation.

Self-Portrait
Walter Shirlaw (American, 1838–1909)

Martin Vanden Bogaert Desjardins
Gérard Edelinck (French, born Flanders, 1640-1707) after Hyacinthe Rigaud (French, 1659-1743)

Remembrance of Italy
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (French, 1796-1875) printed by Auguste Delâtre (French, 1822-1907) published by Cadart et Chavalier, Editeurs (French, 1801-1900)

Priest and Boy
Lawrence Carmichael Earle American, 1845-1921